Defining Constants
Any variable declared final in Java is a constant--its value must be specified with an initializer when it is declared, and that value may never be changed. The Java equivalent of a C define'ed constant is a static final variable declared within a class definition. If the compiler can compute the value of such a static final variable at compile-time, it uses the computed value to pre-compute other compile-time constants that refer to the value. The variable java.lang.Math.PI is an example of...
Unicode and Character Escapes
Java characters, strings, and identifiers e.g., variable, method, and class names are composed of 16-bit Unicode characters. This makes Java programs relatively easy to internationalize for non-English-speaking users. It also makes the language easier to work with for non-English-speaking programmers-- a Thai programmer could use the Thai alphabet for class and method names in her Java code. If two-byte characters seem confusing or intimidating to you, fear not. The Unicode character set is...
Including Files
Java does not have a include directive, but it does not need one. Java defines a mapping of fully qualified class names like java.lang.Math to a directory and file structure like java lang Math.class . This means that when the Java compiler needs to read in a specified class file, it knows exactly where to find it and does not need a special directive to tell it where to look. Furthermore, Java does not make the distinction between declaring a variable or procedure and defining it that C does....
A The Unicode Character Set
u0 02 0 - u0 0 7F Basic Latin u0080 - u00FF Latin-1 supplement u0100 - u017F Latin extended-A u0180 - u024F Latin extended-B u02B0 - u02FF Spacing modifier letters u0300 - u036F Combining diacritical marks u1100 - u11FF Hangul Jamo u1E00 - u1EFF Latin extended additional u1F0 0 - u1FFF Greek extended u2 0 0 0 - u2FFF Symbols and punctuation u2 0 0 0 - u2 06F General punctuation u2070 - u2 0 9F Superscripts and subscripts u2 0A0 - u2 0CF Currency symbols u20D0 - u20FF Combining diacritical...
Internationalization
Internationalization 1 is the process of enabling a program to run internationally. That is, an internationalized program has the flexibility to run correctly in any country. Once a program has been internationalized, enabling it to run in a particular country and or language is merely a matter of localizing it for that country and language, or locale. 1 This word is sometimes abbreviated I18N, because there are 18 letters between the first I and the last N. You might think that the main task...